Wireless telegraphy.



10.728,243.' PATBNTBD MAY19,1903.

` J.- P. KING.

WIRELESS TBLEGRAPHY.

APPLIOATIQN. HLBD FEB. 5. 1902.

No MODEL.

dog/wi( UNITED STATES Patented May 19, 190.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES FOSTER KING, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 7 28,243, dated May 19,1903.

Application filed February 5 1902. Serial No. 92,695. (No model.)

To all whom ibm/tty concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES FOSTER KING, a citizen of theUnited States,residing at 360 West One Hundred and Seventeenth street, New York city,in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Wireless Telegraphy; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in wireless telegraphy, the objectof the said invention being to increase the efficiency of this class oftelegraphs, as well as to simplify and reduce the cost of the same.

y To these ends my said invention embodies the combination andarrangement of parts hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in theclaims. 5 5,

In order to more fully describe my said invention, reference will be hadto the accompanying drawings, in'whichy Figure l is a diagram yrepresenting the transmitting and receiving apparatus and connectionsembodying my invention, and Fig. 2 represents in side elevation andpartly in central vertical section the coherer and combined decohererand induction-coil.. y

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout both views.

Referring first to the transmitting part of the apparatus, A representsthe oscillator, comprising the usual spheres a, but inthis case havingcapacity connected across them direct consisting of two metal platesu',securedto preferably iiexible conductors a2, on which the spheres aremounted. The plates a are immersed in oil, carried in any suitable.

receptacle, as the jar o?. The spheres of this oscillator are connectedin the secondary circuit of a Rhumkorlf or other suitable induction orspark coil B. Y i

C represents the electromagnetic transmitter, which takes the place ofthe ordinary transmitting-key usually connected in the primary circuitof the spark-coil. This transmitter, unlike the ordinary key, makes andbreaks the said primary circuit through a mercury-cup connection c. rentfor the coil B may be derived from any The primary cur-` suitable sourceof electricity D. This magnetic transmitter is operated by a Morse key Eor yother suitable contact-maker, which is connected in circuit with themagnet-coil of said transmitter through a battery F and tongue andback-stop contact g of a relay G.

The receiving apparatus comprises a coherer and combined induction-coilland de- 6o coherer H, double contact-relay G, and the sounder I. Thiscoherer-comprises, among other parts, a glass sealed tube h, in which iscarried two silver plates h h2, having preferably iiatupper surfaces andseparated longitudinally by insulation h5. These plates are provided,respectively, with' the platinum-wire terminals h3 h4, which are fusedin the tube. On the upper `flat surfaces of these plates is placed themetallic particles h6,which form the 7o coherer resistance. Though theseparticles may be of the ordinarykind used in coherers generally Ipreferably employ a novel form, consisting each of a magnetic core-iron,for example-surroundedby or enveloped in a non-magnetic andnon-oxidizable covering,

such as platinum. By Vthus providing the iron core with a platinumcovering the particle is preserved against the destructive action ofsparks. very low resistance of the platinum and its non -oxidizableproperty better contact is formed and more current flows through thecoherer than would otherwise be the case. Oxidation of the parts insidethe coherer-tube isnfurther prevented by exhausting the air from it. Thetop of the coherer-'tube is securedfast to a magnet-pole piece k7, whichis in turn secured to the iron core hs of an i11- duction-coil. A thickcopper casing hi sup- 9o ports the induction-coil and surrounds thecoherer and protects it from local inuences. The'coherer-terminal h3connects to the aerial wire hw, which passes through and is insulatedfrom the core hs and terminates in the sphere 71.11 or its equivalent.The other coherer-terminal h4 makes connection with the metal casing77.9, which may be connected to. earth, if desired.

In contradistinction to other systems I Work roo the receiving-relayupon a secondary or induced circuit. This circuit is the secondary h12of the coherer induction-coil, which is preferably of fine German silverwire wound Moreover, on account of the 8o to about the same resistanceas the coils of the relay. The primary 77,13 of this inductioncoil isconnected in series with the cohererplates, coherer-battery K,choking-coil L, and part ot' the aerial circuit. The connection from theprimary to the coherer-terminal 714 is show-n as made through the metalcasing 71.9. The primary and secondary coils of this induction-coil aremounted on suitable bobbins of insulation, slipped over the core, andinclosed in a suitable casing h1, as shown in Fig. 2. The self inductionofthe choking-coil L must be sufficient to damp out all the Waves thattend to pass through it, and hence through the battery K and the primaryof the coherer induction-coil. The transmission is eected through theoscillator by operating the Morse key in the usual manner. The operationof this key makes and breaks the circuit through the magnet'coils of thetransmitter C, and thus causes it to act through its mercury contact andmake and break the primary circuit ot` the induction-coil B. By thisarrangement a very small battery-current is made to pass through thetransmitting-key, While the heavy current for the induction-coil doesnot pass through the key at all, but through the mercury contact, whichis very much better than having this current traverse the key.

The circuit of the Morse key, it will be observed, includes the tongueof the relay G and the back-stop contact, so that it will be seen thatwhen the receiver is operating, which breaks the connection between thesaid tongue and contact, the transmitting apparatus cannot operate. Thisrelay, which is in reality a double-contact switch as well as a relay,is entirely automatic in its action and overcomes the necessity ofmanually di'sconnecting the transmitter when the receiver is operating.The messages are received by oscillations striking the sphere hn,connected to the aerial Wire, causing the coherer particles to cohere,and thus complete the circuit of the battery K. This at once induces acurrent in the secondary of the coherer induction-coil connected to therelay G and at the same time energizes the magnet polepiece 71,7, whichattracts the particles and causes them to decohere. This inducedcurrent, however, will not alone energize the magnet of the relay Gsufficiently to cause the said magnet to attract its tongue, nor is thecurrent from the battery F alone sufcient to operate the said relay, butthe combined action of the battery and the induced current when both areacting in the same direction will be sufficient to operate the saidrelay. Each time this relay is thus operated it completes, through itstongue, the local circuit of the sounder I.

While I have herein shown and described a special receiver of electricaloscillations comprising the combined coherer, decoherer, andinduction-coil, I do not wish to be understood as limiting my presentinvention to use with this special form of instrument, this receiverbeing the subject of a separate application comprising a division of thepresent one and filed .Iuly23, 1902, Serial No. 116,676.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that the same may bemodied Without departing from the spirit thereof; but

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-

1. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, the combination with a source ofelectricity, of an induction-coil receiving its primary current fromsaid source, an oscillator connected directly in the secondary circuitof said induction-coil, a transmitter having anelectromagnetically-operated make-and-break liquid contact located inthe primary circuit ot' said induction-coil, and means for operatingsaid transmitter, to cause it to make and break the said primary circuitthrough said liquid contact.

2. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, the combination with aninduction-coil and an oscillator for operating the same, of atransmitter having an electromagnetically-operated make-and-break liquidcontact located in the primary circuit of said induction-coil, and meansfor operating said transmitter, said means comprising a key, and akey-circuit traversing the magnet-coils of said transmitter, the saidcircuit being made and broken by the said key alone during thetransmission of a message.

3. In a system of wireless telegraphy, the combination with transmittingand receiving apparatus, of means acting to automatically render thetransmitting apparatus inoperative at such times as the receivingapparatus is in operation.

4t. A system of wireless telegraphy having transmitting and receivingapparatus, and au tomatic means operating electrically and acting torender the transmitting apparatus inoperative during the time that thereceiving apparatus is in operation.

5. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, the combination with thetransmitting and receiving apparatus, of a key-circuit andreceiving-relay operating automatically to break the key-circuit whenthe receiving apparatus is in operation.

6. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, the combination with atransmitting key-circuit, and a receiving-circuit, of a double-contactswitch having one of its contacts located in said key-circuit and theother in said receiving-circuit, and a contact-maker common to bothcircuits, said switch operating automatically to break the saidkey-circuit when the receiving apparatus is in operation.

7. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, the combination with atransmitting key-circuit, and a receiving-circuit, of a double-contactreceiving-relay having one of its contacts located in said key-circuitand the other in said receiving-circuit, and a contact-maker common toboth circuits, said receiving-relay operating automatically to break thesaid key- IOO IIO

circuit when the receiving apparatus is in operation.

8. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, a receiving-relay, asounder'operated through the tongue and forward contact of said relayand a transmitter operated through lthe tongue and idle back-stopthereof, said relay rendering said transmitter inoperative during thetime that said receiving apparatus is in op- Io eration.

9. In a system of wireless telegraphy, a

transmitter, a receiving-relay, a combined decoherer and induction-coi1,and a common source of electricity connected to said transmitter, relayand secondary of said inductioncoil of'said decoherer.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES FOSTER KING.

Witnesses:

CEAS. H. COOKE,` FREDERICK W. GILLARD.

